feat: add unified cache policy primitives

apps/lib/core/cache/cache_entry.dart

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+class CacheEntry<T> {
+  final T value;
+  final DateTime fetchedAt;
+
+  const CacheEntry({required this.value, required this.fetchedAt});
+}

apps/lib/core/cache/cache_key.dart

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+class CacheKey {
+  final String value;
+
+  const CacheKey(this.value);
+
+  @override
+  String toString() => value;
+
+  @override
+  bool operator ==(Object other) {
+    return identical(this, other) ||
+        (other is CacheKey && other.value == value);
+  }
+
+  @override
+  int get hashCode => value.hashCode;
+}

apps/lib/core/cache/cache_policy.dart

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+class CacheDecision {
+  final bool canUseCached;
+  final bool shouldRefreshInBackground;
+  final bool mustBlockForNetwork;
+
+  const CacheDecision({
+    required this.canUseCached,
+    required this.shouldRefreshInBackground,
+    required this.mustBlockForNetwork,
+  });
+}
+
+class CachePolicy {
+  final Duration softTtl;
+  final Duration hardTtl;
+  final Duration minRefreshInterval;
+
+  const CachePolicy({
+    required this.softTtl,
+    required this.hardTtl,
+    this.minRefreshInterval = Duration.zero,
+  });
+
+  CacheDecision evaluate({required DateTime now, required DateTime fetchedAt}) {
+    final age = now.difference(fetchedAt);
+    if (age >= hardTtl) {
+      return const CacheDecision(
+        canUseCached: false,
+        shouldRefreshInBackground: false,
+        mustBlockForNetwork: true,
+      );
+    }
+
+    if (age >= softTtl) {
+      final shouldRefresh = age >= minRefreshInterval;
+      return CacheDecision(
+        canUseCached: true,
+        shouldRefreshInBackground: shouldRefresh,
+        mustBlockForNetwork: false,
+      );
+    }
+
+    return const CacheDecision(
+      canUseCached: true,
+      shouldRefreshInBackground: false,
+      mustBlockForNetwork: false,
+    );
+  }
+}